content theories include all of the following theories except:
A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. To separate oneself from a negatively valued object. b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low a) ERG theory collapses Maslow's five need levels into two need categories. With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction? As you would expect, high-nAff people are very sociable. Other people have lower affiliation needs. token economy i. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. nondirectivec. Designing jobs that are neither too challenging nor too boring is key to managing motivation. d. The theory is unscientific. High social power seekers are concerned with goals that a work group has set for itself, and they are motivated to influence others to achieve the goal. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. a) ERG theory VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. e) inducements, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by selecting people with proper abilities, training them well, providing them the needed resources, and identifying clear performance goals. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. 6. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider. To be seen and heard. c) People with a high need for affiliation like attention and recognition. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? Herzbergs theory has made lasting contributions to organizational research and managerial practice. 59. c. mainly by accident. According to Suppes, all of the following are functions of theory except a. organizing specific data. Why? Competition should be encouraged among employees to find and embrace new goals. This is a manifest need. d) Interactional justice In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! Identify situational conditions. e. Carl Jung. . b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. d) working conditions. Earrings Depot records bad debt using the allowance, balance sheet method. e) group instead of individual goals. c) Procedural justice e) It is not commonly used outside of the United States. Ans: e Page: 102 The resulting frustration may make satisfying the unmet need even more important to usunless we repeatedly fail to satisfy that need. c) internalized negative inequity A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: To seek enjoyable relaxation from stress. e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices Practice of loving kindness and equanimity (self-control/composure) within context of caring consciousness trade accounts from customers prepaid expenses cash on hand loan. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. a) research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy exist in a flexible rather than rigid order. d) Clayton Alderfer You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. According to Maslow, Sharon is driven by which these needs? Pattern B. Rhythmicity C. Dependency D. Open system Answer Key 3. According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. d) affiliation. a) opportunity for advancement. d) It is more effective in non-United States cultures. As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? The more we grow, the more we want to grow. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. That is, SDT posits that extrinsic rewards not only do not provide intrinsic motivation, they diminish it. To control ones human environment. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. As a manager at Icon International, Nicole is driven by a personal sense of competence, respect from others, and recognition through various awards. Hygienes can cause dissatisfaction if they are not present in sufficient levels. In 2016, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) launched a pilot program called Jump in which employees participated in challenges on ways to save water and electricity, as well as other sustainability issues. c) Expectancy The implication of McClellands research is that organizations should try to place people with high needs for social power in managerial jobs. d.) esteem and physiological. Employees who continuously have to be told how to do their jobs require an overly large management team, and too many layers of management spell trouble in the current marketplace. Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. a. losing one's family b. shame c. arrest d. losing a job, All of the . 61. d) affiliation factors a.) a) achievement c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. To like to laugh and make jokes. e) Reinforcement. Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. c.) Expectancy benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. See Page 1 Section Reference: Types of Motivation Theories Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. See Answer. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. b) organizational policies and administration. Relatively high pay is necessary to sustain performance on certain low-skill jobs. a) felt negative inequity To overcome opposition forcefully. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation a. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). a.) (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. Many companies are successfully motivating their staff, and working toward more sustainable practices, while improving lives directly. b.) e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. b) instrumentalities c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner, posits that humans can possess eight different types of intelligence: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. a) distributive justice Learned needs, which Murray called secondary needs, are learned throughout ones life and are basically psychological in nature. integrative. Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. To put things in order. Companies benefit from reduced waste and increased employee engagement. d) Goal setting They simply dont exert as much effort in this area as high-nAff people do. On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. To praise, honor, or eulogize. The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) All living things are composed of cells. In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. All of the following statements about the equity theory of motivation are correct EXCEPT: b) difficult goals frustrate workers They differ in that they feel best when they have influenced a work group to achieve the groups goals, and not some personal agenda. Sustainability should be visible both within and outside the company. Motivators, which relate to the jobs we perform and our ability to feel a sense of achievement as a result of performing them, are rooted in our need to experience growth and self-actualization. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. a) Lower-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Managers often assume that employees do not have certain needs because the employees never try to satisfy them at work. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth safety. b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs We will always satisfy our need for water before we satisfy our social needs; water needs have prepotency over social needs. Manifest needs dominate our other needs. Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date When motivator needs are met, however, employees feel satisfied and are motivated to perform well. To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. Starting tellers at a Chase Bank make a reported $36,100 per year and are in a position that has repeated tasks and may not be the most rewarding from a motivational point of view. d) 28 Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? c) valence is high and expectancy and instrumentality are low To excite, amaze, fascinate, entertain, shock, intrigue, amuse, or entice others. Why is this? e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. 61. A disaster may be domestic or international b. The Prison Expansion Era. So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? b) It is best known through the work of J. Stacy Adams. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? For each pair of socks purchased, the company donates a pair of socks to someone in need (Mulvey 2017). b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. As these needs are satisfied, our growth needs become more active. Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. All of the following descriptions of Maslow's needs hierarchy are correct EXCEPT: Skip to document . a) achievement c) Existence, relatedness, and growth On the other hand, there is some evidence that people satisfy the lower-order needs before they attempt to satisfy higher-order needs. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. To take precautionary measures. To get free, shake off restraint, break out of confinement. For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). Rays sold $3,745,060 of merchandise, of which 50% was on credit. The Anti-Immigration Protests. 48. a) The theory may be method bound. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. LEVEL 2 Wine Online with Tasting Kit Course runs April 3 - May 8, 2023 Live Webinars: Mondays 4/10, 4/17, 4/24 and 5/08 from 3pm-4:30pm ET. They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. Dec 12, 2022 OpenStax. According to self-determination theory, skilled workers who are given a chance to hone their skills and the freedom to practice their craft will be intrinsically motivated. Exhibit 14.6 shows how Maslows theory relates to factors that organizations can influence. Murrays main premise was that people have a variety of needs, but only a few are expressed at a given time. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. To make an impression. a) only one need may be activated at the same time To escape from a dangerous situation. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior According to the theory, our longevity is primarily determined at the moment of conception and is largely reliant on our parents and their genes. Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . The general strategy for the practical application of situational theories includes all of the following except? 2017. RBS boosts employee motivation and engagement through its CSR approach. employee benefits. b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. Multiple Choice Equity theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Expert Answer 100% (4 ratings) According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? It basically states that people will do those things for which they are rewarded and will avoid doing things for which they are punished. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. b) Social We say these people have a high achievement motive. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. d) Goals are most likely to motivate people toward higher performance when they are accepted and there is commitment to them. Because of Herzbergs work, organizations today realize the potential of motivators. c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee 57. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Identify important outcomes. According to the company website, Bombas exists to help solve this problem, to support the homeless community, and to bring awareness to an under-publicized problem in the United States (n.p.). d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. The basis behind this theory is that segments of DNA that occur at the . d) Self-actualization e) working longer hours. b. Freud studies mainly "sick" people. c. contingency. c) Two-factor theory This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. Understand the contributions that Murray, McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg made toward an understanding of human motivation. a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT a. The ecological systems perspective includes all of the following except: a) it evolved from family systems theoriesb) it is considered a traditional helping approach c) it is multi-contextual d) individual and system factors must be considered in understanding a helpee's problem* (pages 158-160)17. 56. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence c) Do your best Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy With no trains running, MTA employees are able to inspect signals, replace rails and crossties, scrape track floors, clean stations, and paint areas that are not reachable during normal train operation. The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Rather than schedule these inspections during regular hours, they consulted with the maintenance workers, who suggested doing the inspections while sections of the subway were closed to trains for seven consecutive hours. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. __________ is classified as a process theory. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT: Clearly one of the most influential motivation theories throughout the 1950s and 1960s was Frederick Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory.14 This theory is a further refinement of Maslows theory. Accounting for the imputed interest on a noninterest bearing note receivable is an example of what aspect of accounting theory? b.) d) Motivation-hygiene theory social, esteem, and self-actualization. They recorded $97,440 in accounts receivable for the year and$288,550 in credit sales. c) top-down goals. c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? Busi 240 Liberty University Quiz 3BUSI 240 Quiz 2. d) specific goals lead to lower performance Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. a) work itself. a. Hygiene needs, on the other hand, must be met to avoid dissatisfaction (but do not necessarily provide satisfaction or motivation).15. Content theories are also sometimes called needs theories. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. Manifest needs theory assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. This doesnt mean that they avoid other people, or that they dislike others. a) Acquired needs theory b) self esteem Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 They want to know whether they have achieved or not. are licensed under a, Major Characteristics of the Manager's Job, How the Brain Processes Information to Make Decisions: Reflective and Reactive Systems, Administrative and Bureaucratic Management, External and Internal Organizational Environments and Corporate Culture, The Internal Organization and External Environments, Organizing for Change in the 21st Century, Ethics, Corporate Responsibility, and Sustainability, Dimensions of Ethics: The Individual Level, Ethical Principles and Responsible Decision-Making, Leadership: Ethics at the Organizational Level, Ethics, Corporate Culture, and Compliance, Emerging Trends in Ethics, CSR, and Compliance, Cultural Stereotyping and Social Institutions, Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs, Trends in Entrepreneurship and Small-Business Ownership, Strategic Analysis: Understanding a Firms Competitive Environment, Gaining Advantages by Understanding the Competitive Environment, A Firm's External Macro Environment: PESTEL, A Firm's Micro Environment: Porter's Five Forces, Competition, Strategy, and Competitive Advantage, The Strategic Management Process: Achieving and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, The Role of Strategic Analysis in Formulating a Strategy, Strategic Objectives and Levels of Strategy, Planning Firm Actions to Implement Strategies, Measuring and Evaluating Strategic Performance, An Introduction to Human Resource Management, Influencing Employee Performance and Motivation, Talent Development and Succession Planning, Benefits and Challenges of Workplace Diversity, Situational (Contingency) Approaches to Leadership, Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership, Transformational, Visionary, and Charismatic Leadership, Opportunities and Challenges to Team Building, Factors Affecting Communications and the Roles of Managers, Managerial Communication and Corporate Reputation, The Major Channels of Management Communication Are Talking, Listening, Reading, and Writing, Formal Organizational Planning in Practice, Management by Objectives: A Planning and Control Technique, The Control- and Involvement-Oriented Approaches to Planning and Controlling, MTIIts Importance Now and In the Future, External Sources of Technology and Innovation, Internal Sources of Technology and Innovation, Management Entrepreneurship Skills for Technology and Innovation, Managing Now for Future Technology and Innovation, The New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority undertook a new approach to how they perform critical inspection and maintenance of subway components that are necessary to providing reliable service. Given the success of the program, in 2017 it was expanded to all RBS sites and a smartphone app was added to help employees participate in the challenges (Barton 2017). Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: contingency. a) Acquired needs c) performance is higher with easy goals c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. b) self esteem The individual level does not impact the group level. d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. Biology questions and answers. ) The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. reflection g. A therapy that uses secondary reinforcements to change behavior. Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. d) Higher and lower-order needs become equally important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Do you study at Liberty University? High need for achievement can also be important, but it sometimes results in too much concern for personal success and not enough for the employers success. c) The theory does not account for regression. A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016).